Hybridization is an efficient way to create a new genotype and plays an important role in the genetic improvement of numerous crops and animals. These results lay a favorable foundation for combining the research between the sections Tacamahaca and Aigeiros in future work. We also observed a number of cotyledon variants, including single and fused cotyledons, two cotyledons with one cotyledon cracking into two parts, three cotyledons, as well as four cotyledons. During seed germination, non-radicle and non-hypocotyl seedlings were observed. A highly significant positive correlation was found between the seed size and the Thousand Kernel Weight, as well as the seedling cotyledon length. Meanwhile, three carpals were found in P. The number of carpals and ovules were not the same in different females. For female trees, Populus pseudo- simonii showed the longest seed maturity time. For male trees, Populus deltoides had the longest flowering time. Flowering phenology and seed maturation differences of the hybrid progeny were monitored in greenhouses. A total of 105,401 seeds were collected from 117 crosses. In this study, we carried out a cross test scheme with nine female and thirteen male poplar trees. This approach has a huge potential for breeding new poplar varieties that could aid in controlling desertification in the arid and semi-arid zones of the “Three-North” in China. Hybridization between different species allows us to generate offspring with a unique combinations of traits. Poplar species are widely distributed and well-adapted in the world, presenting a large potential for genetic improvement. Poplar is an important research organism, and species in sections Tacamahaca and Aigeiros, have advantages in terms of stress resistance, ease of propagation, and fast growth.
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